Stéphane Mallarmé (/mɑːlɑːrˈmeɪ/; French: [stefan malaʁme] (link=File:St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9.ogg listen); 18 March 1842 – 9 September 1898), whose real name was Étienne Mallarmé, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools of the early 20th century, such as Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism.